Finland AY vs Oy
Legal Entity Comparison
Time of Update: 2026-03-31
AY is a legal entity form in Finland, fully named Avoin Yhtiö, meaning "open partnership company". It belongs to the merged ownership, meaning all shareholders jointly own the company, and there is no limit to the number of shareholders. AY does not have limited liability, which means shareholders have unlimited liability for the company's debts. AY does not need to participate in the public market, nor does it need to appoint a legal representative, local residents as directors, or a company secretary. According to Finnish law, at least one shareholder and two directors are required to establish AY, with one of them being a Finnish or EU permanent resident. If a client needs to nominate two Chinese residents as directors, they also need to hire two nominated directors to meet the requirements of the Finnish government. AY does not require registered capital or capital verification.
Finland Legal Entity Comparison
Finland Legal Entity Comparison
Basic Information
AY
Oy
Ownership:
Consolidated Ownership
Ownership:
Consolidated Ownership
Limited Liability:
Negative
Limited Liability:
Positive
Publicly Participates In Capital Market:
Negative
Publicly Participates In Capital Market:
Positive
Shareholder / Director / Secretary Requirements
AY
Oy
Requirements For Shareholders:
At least one
Requirements For Shareholders:
Unlimited
Requirements For Directors ::
To establish a company in Finland, at least two directors are required, one of whom must be a permanent resident of Finland or the European Union. Finnish law requires that 50% of the company's directors must be permanent residents of Finland or the European Union. Assuming the client needs to nominate two Chinese residents as company directors, it is necessary to hire two nominee directors in order to meet the requirements of the Finnish government.
Requirements For Directors ::
At least one
Legal Representative Not Mandatory:
Positive
Legal Representative Not Mandatory:
Negative
Local Directors Not Mandatory:
Positive
Local Directors Not Mandatory:
Positive
Local Secretaries Not Mandatory:
Local Secretaries Not Mandatory:
Positive
Registered Capital Requirement
AY
Oy
Minimum Registered Capital Requirement:
no need for registered capital
Minimum Registered Capital Requirement:
No requirements, but typically at least 2,500 euros.
Capital Injection Not Required:
Positive
Capital Injection Not Required:
Positive
Capital Injection Requirement:
N/A
Capital Injection Requirement:
N/A
Memo
AY
Oy
Memo:
N/A
Memo:
N/A
FI
Finland
CI - Company Incorporation
Finnish OY Company Incorporation
From EUR 5,400.00 / Company
Product Valid: Positive
Applicant Must Be Present: no
Applicable country/region
FI - Finland
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